![]() ![]() Analysis of relative transcription during different stages of tick embryonic development showed different levels of transcription for TOR, and a maternal deposition of S6K and 4E-BP1 transcripts. To address the role of TOR in tick reproduction, in vivo studies were performed. Conversely, treating BME26 cells with chemical inhibitors of AKT or GSK-3 did not affect S6K and 4E-BP1 transcription, showing that TOR is specifically required to activate its downstream targets. ![]() Second, TOR chemical inhibition led to a decrease in BME26 cell viability, loss of membrane integrity, and downregulation of S6K and 4E-BP1 transcription. First, we show that exogenous insulin can stimulate TOR transcription. ![]() ![]() In this study, TOR and two other downstream effectors, namely S6 kinase (S6K) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), were investigated in in vitro studies using the tick embryonic cell line BME26. While the role of AKT and GSK-3 has been investigated during tick embryonic development, the role of TOR remains unknown. Three key targets are part of this signaling pathway: protein kinase B (PKB, or AKT), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and target of rapamycin (TOR). The insulin signaling pathway regulates glucose homeostasis and is essential for reproduction in metazoan model species. 3Centro de Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BrazilĮmbryogenesis is a metabolically intensive process carried out under tightly controlled conditions.2Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.1Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda and Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil.Camila Waltero 1, Leonardo Araujo de Abreu 1,2, Thayná Alonso 1, Rodrigo Nunes-da-Fonseca 1,2, Itabajara da Silva Vaz Jr. ![]()
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